Enhanced performance and stability of inverted planar perovskite solar cells by incorporating 1,6-diaminohexane dihydrochloride additive

The incorporation of 1,6-Diaminohexane Dihydrochloride (1,6-DD) additive leads to ideal perovskite film with enhanced crystallinity and enlarged grain size. The inverted planar perovskite solar cells with 1,6-DD additive show an enhancement of 20% in power conversion efficiency. The champion device delivered a relatively high power conversion efficiency of 17% and an excellent fill factor of 80.1%. The two terminal -NH3+ groups of 1,6-DD passivates the vacancy defects at the perovskite crystal surface. Meanwhile, adjacent crystal surfaces are linked through the hexane alkyl chain of 1,6-DD, which enhances the interaction between perovskite grains and anchors the microstructure of perovskite to some degree. Hydrophobic hexane alkyl chains also increase the moisture resistance of perovskite film. After exposure to the air for 16 days, the device with 1,6-DD additive still retains above 90% of the initial efficiency, exhibiting brilliant stability.296