Subwavelength structures for silicon photonics biosensing

Silicon photonic biosensors hold the potential for highly accurate, yet low cost point-of-care devices. Maximizing the sensitivity of the sensing chips while reducing the complexity and cost of the read-out system is pivotal to realize this potential. Here we present an extensive analysis, both from a practical and a theoretical perspective, of current biosensors, and analyze how subwavelength structures can be exploited to enhance their sensitivity. This study is not restricted just to the near-infrared band as we also determine the sensing capabilities of the suspended silicon waveguides with subwavelength metamaterial cladding working in the mid-infrared range. These waveguides have been recently proposed to cover the full transparency window of silicon (λ<∼8.5 μm), where the fingerprint spectral region of many molecules takes place and so a plethora of evanescent field absorption-based applications will be developed in the near future.