Topical formulation containing Ilex Paraguariensis extract increases metalloproteinases and myeloperoxidase activities in mice exposed to UVB radiation

Ultraviolet B radiation represents 10% of the total UV radiation that reaches the Earth's surface, being the primary responsible for the biological effects related to skin cancer and photoaging. Ilex Paraguariensis A. St. Hil., known as Yerba mate (YM), is a native tree of South America whose polyphenols in its leaves are described to exhibit photochemoprotective effect and are employed in the treatment of cancer. Additionally, the polyphenols are used to prevent lipid peroxidation and reduce the UV-induced damage, which ultimately decreases the oxidative stress. Thus, the present study aimed to characterize a new YM extract, evaluate the extract cytotoxicity and develop a formulation containing YM extract to prevent UVB-induced damage in mice skin. The YM extract showed high levels of polyphenols, flavonoids, and tannins and exhibited excellent antioxidant activity. Its main components were suggested as chlorogenic acid (1.92%) and caffeic acid (0.41%). Besides, YM extract did not exhibit cytotoxicity in fibroblasts and decreased the activity of myeloperoxidase and metalloproteinase-2 after acute UVB exposure. As a result, the formulation containing the YM extract showed a potential photochemoprotective.