Physiological roles of peroxido-vanadium complexes: Leitmotif as their signal transduction pathway

• Vanadium complexes show a variety of biological activities.
• Peroxidovanadium complexes also show biological activities.
• Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are generated from peroxidovanadium complexes.
• Small amount of ROS activates the insulin signal transduction pathway.

Evidence exists that supports the various physiological roles of vanadium compounds, although the amount of vanadium in our body is limited. This limited concentration in our body does not attract much attention of the biological chemists, although the fact is present; even in the 19th century, vanadium derivatives were used for the therapeutic reagents. In the middle of the 20th century, the main focus of vanadium chemistry is mainly on the chemical and material fields. After the first discovery of vanadium compounds expressing ATPase activity, oxidovanadium(IV) sulfate was reported to have insulin mimic activity. Additionally, because some vanadium compounds possess cellular toxicity, trials were also carried out to examine the possible use of vanadium compounds as cancer therapeutics. The application of vanadium complexes was extended in recent years especially in the 21st century. In this review, we briefly explain the historical background of vanadium chemistry and also summarize the physiological role of vanadium complexes mainly focusing on the synthesis and physiological role of peroxidovanadium compounds and their interactions with insulin signal transduction pathways.

Vanadium complexes showed various physiological activities as shown in the picogram; among such physiological activities, insulin mimic activity has widely been recognized. We summarized the physiological activities of vanadium complexes mainly focusing on Peroxido-Vanadium Complexes.Figure optionsDownload as PowerPoint slide