Silica sol–gel matrix doped with Photolon molecules for sensing and medical therapy purposes

Photolon is one of the new photosensitisers that has found application in photodynamic therapy (PDT). Its chemical structure has a partially reduced porphyrin moiety and its molecular structure is comparable to chlorin e6, which can be isolated after hydrolysis of the 5-membered exocyclic β-ketoester moiety of pheophorbide a.For this study, a Photolon doped sol–gel matrix was produced in the form of coatings deposited on silica fibers cores. The material was produced from sols prepared from the silicate precursor TEOS mixed with ethyl alcohol. The sol–gel films were prepared with factor R = 20, where R denotes the solvent-to-precursor molar ratio. Hydrochloric acid was added as a catalyst in the correct proportion to ensure acid hydrolysis (pH ≈2). The mixture was stirred at room temperature for 4 h using a magnetic stirrer (speed 400 rpm). The coated fibers were examined in different environments, liquid and gaseous, at different pH values and with various zinc cation concentrations. The chemical reactions were studied by means of spectroscopic methods, whereby the fluorescence response was studied. It was demonstrated that Photolon immobilized in a sol–gel matrix is accessible for the environment and shows visible response to the external changes. Furthermore, it was observed that these reactions are reversible. These biomaterials are also examined as carriers for PDT. It was also proved that a toxic effect is observed an environment with microorganisms, meaning that doped coatings have photodynamic activity.