Broadband impedance spectroscopic characterization of PbTiO3 crystal grown by spontaneous crystallization from molten oxides

Three polarization relaxation modes as well as electric conductivity processes were revealed. In the ultralow frequency range (<10 Hz), the relaxation processes were assigned to the electrode and the ferroelectric domains polarizations. In the high frequency range (105 Hz), the relaxation process arises from the crystal lattice polarizations. The electric conduction of the investigated crystals is determined by two fundamental effects - ionic and hopping conductivities. In addition, the anisotropies of relative dielectric constant (300) as well as DC conductivity (1.8×10−9 S/m) were estimated.