AC conductivity and dielectric properties of (Bi,Na)TiO3–BaTiO3 lead free ceramics

(Bi,Na)TiO3 (BNT) based ceramics have been extensively investigated for electronic device applications. BNT is ferroelectric material with ABO3 perovskite structure. BNT ceramics have high Curie temperature (Tc=320 °C) and remanent polarization (Pr=38 µC/cm2). Despite its relatively high coercive field (Ec=7.3 kV/mm) and low piezoelectric constant (d33=83 pC/N). Temperature and frequency dependent relative dielectric permittivity and loss tangent can play an important role in the device performance. To analyze the dielectric characteristics across wide temperature (303–403 K) and frequency range (1 kHz to 3 MHz), AC conductivities of (1−x)(Bi0.5Na0.5TiO3)−x(BaTiO3) (x=0, 0.02, 0.04, 0.06, 0.08, or 0.10) were measured and analyzed. The conduction mechanism was evaluated through simulations and calculations based on an Arrhenius-type equation.