Application of agricultural based activated carbons by microwave and conventional activations for basic dye adsorption: Review

• Adsorption performance of MB on biomass wastes-carbon has been reviewed.
• The dependence of performance on heating techniques was also presented.
• Effects of variables on carbon structure and performance were discussed.
• Adsorption isotherms, kinetics and thermodynamics were reviewed.

Basic dye, methylene blue (MB), has been known as the most common parameter used to measure the extent of mesoporosity (20–500 Å) of activated carbon (AC). The adsorption performance in terms of uptake along with its dependence on heating techniques has been reviewed for MB on activated carbons prepared by chemical activation of agricultural wastes. Recently, microwave heating has been adopted as an alternative technique for conventional heating, where the latter suffered from thermal gradient, long activation time, high cost, and fast firing. Equilibrium, kinetic, and thermodynamic of adsorption process for MB-AC system were analyzed. The effects of most significant preparation variables on pore structure of AC and adsorption performance were also presented. Conclusively, important observations have been reported for dependence of adsorption performance and mechanism on preparation and adsorption variables for studied system.

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