Histone deacetylase inhibitor, Romidepsin (FK228) inhibits endometrial cancer cell growth through augmentation of p53-p21 pathway

ObjectiveRomidepsin (FK228), a Histone Deacetylase (HDAC) inhibitor, has been used for anti-cancer therapies. However, the anti-cancer effect of FK228 and its underlying mechanism in endometrial carcinoma (EC) have not been studied. The aime of this study was to investigate the anti-cancer effects of FK228 and the associated mechanism(s) in EC.MethodsIshikawa and HEC-1-A endometrial cancer cells were treated with 8 nM concentration of FK228 and cell growth was measured by XTT assay. The cell cycle distribution and cell death were measured by flow cytometry, immunofluorescence, respectively. The mNRA and protein expressions were analyzed by quantitative RT-PCR and western blot, respectively.ResultsBased on assays carried out in EC cell lines, it was observed that FK228 inhibited EC cell proliferation in a dose and time-dependent manner. Furthermore, following treatment with FK228 for 48 h, there were significant induction of apoptosis and cell cycle arrest at G0/G1 phase in EC cells. Moreover, FK228 treatment significantly increased the mRNA and protein expressions of p53, p21, cleaved caspases such as 3, 7 and 8 and PARP. Further, FK228 treatment increased the levels of acetylated histone H3 and H4 that confirms the HDAC inhibition.ConclusionIn conclusion, FK228 inhibits EC tumor cell proliferation and induces apoptosis by activation caspase/PARP via the induction of p53/p21 signaling cascades, suggesting that FK228 is a potential therapeutic agent for EC.