Temperatures of the Ocular Surface, Lid, and Periorbital Regions of Sjögren's, Evaporative, and Aqueous-Deficient Dry Eyes Relative to Normals

PurposeTo compare the temperatures of the ocular surface, eyelid, and periorbital skin in normal eyes with Sjögren's syndrome (SS) eyes, evaporative dry eyes (EDE), and aqueous deficient dry eyes (ADDE).Methods10 eyes were analyzed in each age-matched group (normal, SS, EDE, and ADDE). A noninvasive infrared thermal camera captured two-dimensional images in three regions of interest (ROI) in each of three areas: the ocular surface, the upper eyelid, and the periorbital skin within a controlled environmental chamber. Mean temperatures in each ROI were calculated from the videos. Ocular surface time-segmented cooling rates were calculated over a 5-s blink interval.ResultsRelative to normal eyes, dry eyes had lower initial central OSTs (SS −0.71°C, EDE −0.55°C, ADDE −0.95°C, KW P<.0001) and lower central upper lid temperatures (SS −0.24°C, ADDE −0.51°C, and EDE −0.54°C, KW P<.0001). ADDE eyes had the lowest initial central OST (P<.0001), while EDE eyes had the lowest central lid temperature and lower periorbital temperatures (P<.0001). Over the 5-s interblink interval, the greatest rate of temperature loss occurred following eyelid opening, but varied by group (normals −0.52, SS −0.73, EDE −0.63, and ADDE −0.75°C/s). The ADDE group also had the most substantial heat loss over the 5-s interblink interval (−0.97°C).ConclusionsDifferences in OST may be related to thermal differences in lids and periorbita along with an altered tear film. Thermography of the ocular surface, lids, and surrounding tissues may help to differentiate between different etiologies of dry eye.