Mean hemoglobin concentration after acute subarachnoid hemorrhage and the relation to outcome, mortality, vasospasm, and brain infarction

Lower mean hemoglobin (HGB) levels are associated with unfavorable outcome after spontaneous subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH). Currently, there is no cutoff level for mean HGB levels associated with unfavorable outcome. This study was conducted to evaluate a threshold for mean HGB concentrations after SAH, and to observe the relation to outcome. The medical records of 702 patients with spontaneous SAH were reviewed. Predictors of outcome were proved by univariate analysis. Predictors with p < 0.1 were included in a multivariate binary logistic regression model. Cutoff points for mean HGB levels were calculated by receiver operating characteristic curve analysis. Mean HGB was 11.9 g/dl (±standard deviation [SD] 1.7 g/dl) in patients with favorable outcome compared to 10.8 g/dl (±SD 1.1 g/dl) in patients with unfavorable outcome (p < 0.001). The highest Youden’s index value was found for a HGB cutoff at 11.1 g/dl. In a binary logistic regression model, predictors of unfavorable outcome were identified as an initially high Hunt–Hess grade (odds ratio [OR]: 7.7; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 4.4–13.4; p < 0.001), cerebral infarction on a CT scan during hospital stay (OR: 3.8; 95% CI: 2.0–7.3; p < 0.001), rebleeding during the hospital stay (OR: 3.5; 95% CI: 1.6–8.0; p = 0.002), mean HGB concentration <11.1 g/dl (OR: 3.3; 95% CI: 2.0–5.3; p < 0.001), and hydrocephalus (OR: 2.3; 95% CI: 1.4–3.7; p = 0.001). In conclusion, a mean HGB concentration <11.1 g/dl during the hospital stay was associated with unfavorable outcome after acute SAH.