Pneumoconiosis

The term ‘pneumoconiosis’ is used to describe a set of lung diseases caused by the repeated inhalation of small particles in which long-term retention in the lung is a key causative factor. The site of damage within the lung is a function of both the size and the toxicity of the inhaled dust, fume or fibre. The ability of different types of particles to cause fibrosis varies widely: crystalline silica is highly fibrogenic, whereas iron oxide is not. In susceptible individuals, pneumoconiosis usually develops after many years of exposure, sometimes presenting after retirement. Where cases are detected during employment (e.g. during health surveillance), reduction or cessation of further exposures should be the goal. Prevention is of prime importance as the lung damage caused by pneumoconiosis is irreversible, and the retained substance may continue to cause harm many years after exposure has ceased.