Efficacy and safety of adjuvant recombinant human erythropoietin and ferrous sulfate as treatment for iron deficiency anemia during the third trimester of pregnancy

PurposeGestational anemia increases the incidence of maternal and fetal complications. Adjuvant recombinant human erythropoietin (rHuEPO) has been used in patients who refuse blood transfusions, have a low response to treatment with iron sulfate, have limited time before birth, or have other illnesses that complicate the anemia. We demonstrated that the use of adjuvant rHuEPO with iron sulfate reduces the anemia time period and is innocuous to the fetus.MethodAn experimental longitudinal prospective study; 100 pregnant women in their third trimester were included. Group 1 (n = 50) was set as control for prevalence of anemia and establish hematological maternal and fetal parameters at delivery for our population; 50 women diagnosed with iron deficiency anemia were randomly assigned to treatment groups. Group 2 (n = 25) third trimester women with a hemoglobin of <11 g/dL were treated with iron sulfate, 600 mg administered orally daily for 4 weeks, evaluating the hematologic response for the mother weekly and for both mother and fetus at birth; Group 3 (n = 25) women similar to group 2, treated in addition with adjuvant rHuEPO, 4000 units subcutaneously, three times a week, for 4 weeks evaluating the same parameters.ResultsGroup 2 and 3 showed a corrected anemia before delivery (mean 11.1 vs 11.4 g/dL), but Group 3 showed a statistically broader and more rapid increase in hemoglobin (1.22 vs 1.92 g/dL, p value 0.013) with an rHuEPO dose of 4000 units, three times a week for 1 month. No clinical or hematologic difference or changes in growth were observed in the fetus.ConclusionsErythropoietin is safe and effective for both mother and fetus, although an ideal pregnancy dose has not yet been established.