HPV molecular assays: Defining analytical and clinical performance characteristics for cervical cytology specimens

ObjectiveTo compare the analytical and clinical performance characteristics of 3 different primer sets targeting the human papillomavirus (HPV) L1 gene for detection and genotyping of HPV.MethodsLiquid-based cytology was obtained prospectively from 90 colposcopy clinic patients. After automated extraction, cellular DNA was subjected to SYBR Green quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) using GP5+/6+ primers and conventional PCR with MY09/11 and FAP59/64 primers. The resulting SYBR Green counts and melting temperatures (Tm) were used for quantification of HPV genomes and discrimination between presence and absence of amplicons. qPCR and PCR products were resolved by gel electrophoresis. HPV + amplicons were sequenced directly and BLAST® aligned for genotype identification.ResultsOf the 90 samples, 57 (63%) were qPCR + with a range of HPV viral load detected from 191 to 3.4 million genomes (~ 5 Log10). Only HPV-positives exhibited characteristic Tm (75–80 °C). The dynamic range of detection was similar for MY and FAP. Clinical net sensitivity was highest with simultaneous testing using all primer sets (93%) instead of individual primer pairs (GP (67%), MY (62%), FAP (49%)). Of the 27 HPV genotypes identified among 64 sequenced samples, the 3 most prevalent were HPV-16 (20%), − 53 (9%), − 31 (6%). The 4th rank included HPV-6, − 33, − 58, − 66 (4.7% each).ConclusionThe performance characteristics of 3 leading PCR-based HPV assays revealed qPCR to be sensitive and specific for HPV detection and quantification. Parallel PCR testing using the 3 primers and direct sequencing offered the greatest clinical sensitivity and breadth of detection for known HPV types.

► Quantitative PCR is useful for detection and quantification of HPV genomes in cervical cytology.
► Parallel PCR testing with direct sequencing maximizes sensitivity and breadth of HPV detection.