Distributed load frequency control in an interconnected power system using ecological technique and coefficient diagram method

• Ecological technique has been applied as load frequency controller of power system.
• Full states of the system have been estimated using Kalman filter technique.
• Controller with ecological technique and coefficient diagram method is proposed.
• Proposed controller was tested under loads disturbances and parameters changes.
• Proposed controller is strong compared to some other schemes.

This paper presents a load frequency control (LFC) design, using both of coefficient diagram method (CDM) and ecological optimal technique (ECO) in a multi-area power system. The proposed controller has been designed to reduce the effect of uncertainties owing to variations in the parameters of governors and turbines as well as load disturbance. Each local area controller is designed independently, such that, stability of the overall closed-loop system is guaranteed. The CDM structure is built on the frequency response model of multi-area power system, and physical constraints of the governors and turbines are considered. Also, the standard Kalman filter technique has been employed to estimate the full states of the system including the area frequency deviation, these states has been employed by the (ECO) state feedback optimal controller to produce the optimal control signal. Digital simulations for three-area power systems are provided to validate the effectiveness of the proposed scheme. From the simulation results, it is shown that, considering the overall closed-loop system performance with the proposed CDM + ECO technique, robustness is demonstrated in the face of uncertainties due to governors, turbines parameters variation and loads disturbances. A performance comparison between the proposed controller, CDM alone, and a classical integral controller (I) scheme is carried out, confirming the superiority of the proposed CDM + ECO technique.