Mid- to Late Holocene pollen and alluvial record of the arid Andean piedmont between 33° and 34°S, Mendoza, Argentina: Inferences about floodplain evolution

In arid and semiarid regions of Central West Argentina, paleoenvironmental conditions and history of the Holocene vegetation is still scanty. This paper presents the analysis of palynological records of two Mid- to Late Holocene alluvial sequences (La Escala -LES- and Brazo Abandonado -BA-) in the fluvial basin of the Arroyo La Estacada (33°27′S and 69°03′W), placed in the Cordillera Frontal central piedmont of Mendoza province. Variations in pollen assemblages of the two sequences related to the environments developed in the floodplains of the arroyo allowed us to infer the evolution of local plant communities. Between the ca. 4000 and 3000 14C years BP and between ca. 500 and 400 14C years BP, a larger representation of hydrophytic communities related to environments with local water availability was inferred; and between ca. 3000 and 500 14C years BP an increase in shrubby xerophytic communities related to environments with lower water availability was detected. These results led us to propose that the Holocene pollen spectra fluctuations observed in the alluvial sedimentary sequences prove mainly changes in plant communities of the floodplain environment in response to the fluvial dynamics of the arroyo.

► Mid- to Late Holocene environments from a fluvial basin, eastern Andean piedmont.
► Pollen and sedimentological records of alluvial sequences of La Estacada arroyo.
► Fossil pollen in terms of present floodplain vegetation analogous.
► Plant communities and floodplain evolution of arroyo inferred.
► Alluvial pollen changes in response to the arroyo’s fluvial dynamics.