Trace Elements and Rare Earth Elements Geochemistry and Its Metallogenic Significance for Cu-Zn Ore Deposits in Tongbai Area, Henan Province, China

There are some Cu-Zn polymetallic ore deposits that are of volcanic hosted massive sulfide (VHMS) deposits located in Tongbai region, Henan Province, China. The trace elements and rare earth elements (REEs) geochemistry of ores of Liushanyan Cu-Zn ore deposit, Dalishu–Fanglaozhuang Cu-Zn ore deposit and Yangjuan Cu-mineralizing spot were analyzed by using inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) method to discuss the genesis of these deposits. Four types have been identified on the basis of study on trace elements and REEs geochemistry: the ores of the first type show light rare earth elements (LREE)-enriched REE patterns and have no Eu anomalies and weak negative Ce anomalies, with a weak depleted high field strength elements (HFSE) and smaller anomalies at Zr and Ti relative to normal mid-ocean ridge basalts (N-MORB); the ores of the second type show LREE-enriched REE patterns and have negative Eu anomalies and weak negative Ce anomalies; the ores of the third type show LREE-enriched REE patterns and have positive Eu anomalies and negative Ce anomalies, with a depleted HFSE and small negative anomalies at Zr and Ti relative to N-MORB; and the ores of the fourth type show horizontal distribution REE patterns, have positive Eu anomalies and weak negative Ce anomalies, with a depleted HFSE and no anomalies at Zr and Ti relative to N-MORB. The first type and the second type have similar characteristics to the basic volcanic rocks and acid volcanic rocks, respectively. Characteristics of the third type indicate that the convective mixing of a little amount of sea water with hydrothermal fluids had happened with a lot of minerals which is not dissolved in the solvents in the residual phase. The fourth type has a depleted mantle source. These characteristics indicate that the mineralization material has the same source with wall rocks of the Liushanyan Formation, which is the product of mantle partial melting that experienced early multiple melting events.