کد مقاله کد نشریه سال انتشار مقاله انگلیسی نسخه تمام متن
4760356 1421981 2016 16 صفحه PDF دانلود رایگان
عنوان انگلیسی مقاله ISI
A systematic review of passive exposure to cannabis
ترجمه فارسی عنوان
بررسی سیستماتیک قرار گرفتن در معرض غیر فعال بودن کانابیس
کلمات کلیدی
موضوعات مرتبط
مهندسی و علوم پایه شیمی شیمی آنالیزی یا شیمی تجزیه
چکیده انگلیسی


- THC-COOH urinary level in passive smokers should be below the positivity threshold.
- Low and very low blood levels of THC and THC-COOH should be measured, respectively.
- No THC-COOH level detected in hair, oral fluid and sebum in passive smokers.
- Positive results were only observed following extremely high passive exposure.

Passive exposure to cannabis smoke may induce effects on behavior and psychomotor skills, and have legal consequences, including the risk of being falsely considered as a cannabis user. This can become a concern, especially in occupational contexts or when driving vehicles. In order to enable a differentiation between a passive and an active exposure to cannabis and to limit the likeliness to be detected positive following passive exposure, this review identified specific biomarkers of passive exposure in urine, blood, oral fluid, hair, and sebum. Out of 958 papers identified on passive exposure to cannabis, 21 were selected. Although positive tests had been observed in all matrices following extremely high passive exposure, some distinctive features were observed in each matrix compared to cannabis active use. More specifically, in everyday life conditions, 11-nor-delta-9-THC-carboxylic acid (THC-COOH) urinary level should be detected below the positivity threshold used to confirm active smoking of cannabis, especially after normalization to creatinine level. Measuring delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) and THC-COOH in blood is an appropriate alternative for appraising passive exposure as low and very low concentrations of THC and THC-COOH, respectively, should be measured. In hair, oral fluid (OF) and sweat/sebum emulsion, no THCCOOH should be detected. Its presence in hair argues for regular cannabis consumption and in OF or sweat for recent consumption. The experts should recommend to persons who have to demonstrate abstinence from cannabis to avoid heavily smoky and unventilated environments.

ناشر
Database: Elsevier - ScienceDirect (ساینس دایرکت)
Journal: Forensic Science International - Volume 269, December 2016, Pages 97-112
نویسندگان
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