Protein-based nanotoxicology assessment strategy

Proteins detected using reverse phase protein arrays (RPPA) can be applied to determine nanodrug toxicity and/or drug-mediated molecular changes. By detecting lethality using classical methods such as cell viability assay and comparing this to housekeeping protein expression and proliferation marker expression, assay-specific discrepancies may be identified. Moreover, RPPA-based protein detection can also identify changes in marker protein expression which are not a result of changes in cell number. By normalizing to housekeeping protein expression, drug-specific molecular changes may be identified.176