Growth by Optimization of Work (GROW): A new modeling tool that predicts fault growth through work minimization

• First program to model fault growth through work optimization.
• Fault growth by work minimization as alternative to Coulomb failure planes.
• GROW models fault initiation, propagation and interactions.
• Work optimization detects soft- and hard-linkage.

Growth by Optimization of Work (GROW) is a new modeling tool that automates fracture initiation, propagation, interaction, and linkage. GROW predicts fracture growth by finding the propagation path and fracture geometry that optimizes the global external work of the system. This implementation of work optimization is able to simulate more complex paths of fracture growth than energy release rate methods. In addition, whereas a Coulomb stress analysis determines two conjugate planes of potential failure, GROW identifies a single failure surface for each increment of growth. GROW also eliminates ambiguity in determining whether shear or tensile failure will occur at a fracture tip by assessing both modes of failure by the same propagation criterion. Here we describe the underlying algorithm of the program and present GROW models of two propagating faults separated by a releasing step. The discretization error of these models demonstrates that GROW can predict fault propagation paths within the numerical uncertainty produced by discretization. Model element size moderately influences the propagation paths, however, the final fault geometry remains similar between models with significantly different element sizes. The propagation power of the fault system, calculated from the change in work due to fault propagation, indicates when model faults interact through both soft- and hard-linkage.