Effects of upgrading to cycle highways - An analysis of demand induction, use patterns and satisfaction before and after

- Effects of upgrading bicycle infrastructure in the Copenhagen, Denmark were assessed.
- Volumes and mode share, and cyclists' behaviour, perceptions, and experiences were assessed.
- Combination of counting stations and questionnaire surveys were applied over three years.
- A maximum gain (pre/post improvements) of 74% cyclists/h was recorded during dark rush hours.
- A modest 4-6% of the added number of cyclists was due to a modal shifts in favor of cycling.

ObjectiveThe objective of the present study is to investigate the effects of improvements made to two large, interconnected bicycle infrastructure in the western suburbs of Copenhagen, Denmark, on bicycle volumes and mode share, and cyclists' behaviour, perceptions, and experiences.MethodsEffects are assessed by analysing data from automatic counting stations during 35 months to measure the changes in bicycle volumes on the investigated routes. Furthermore, a questionnaire survey repeated three times - before, and one and two years after opening the improved routes - is used. Findings are supported by a control survey at a nearby facility, which was not influenced by the infrastructure improvements.ResultsThe investments related to the two investigated cases of infrastructure improvements resulted in a significant increase in the volume of bicyclist two years after the improvements. On one of the routes, the “Albertslund Route”, on weekdays during the rush hour in daylight, an increase from 126 to 203 bicyclists/h was recorded, whereas an increase from 24 to 32 bicyclists/h was recorded at “Vestvolden” for the same period. Most of the increase could be attributed to relocation of bicyclists from other routes. Induced cycling trips - trips that were not previously made by bicycle - were estimated to account for only 4-5% of the bicyclists two years after improvements. Bicyclists using the improved route express an increase in satisfaction with the quality of the facilities, which is significantly higher than at the control site.ConclusionData from the counting stations provides useful information if measured over a long period. This is necessary to correct for factors such as climate effects and temporal variation. Investments in cycle infrastructure in the investigated case led to a higher number of bicyclists who were mainly relocated from other routes. A minor increase in the modal share of cyclists was observed two years after the infrastructure improvements. Furthermore, the investments resulted in a higher degree of satisfaction among active bicyclists. If measured over a longer period, this could lead to a higher modal share due to a potential social advertising effect.