Rehabilitation of the atrophic mandible with short implants in different positions: A finite elements study

ObjectiveThe aim of this study was to analyze whether the use of inclined short implants without lower transcortical involvement (test model - SI), thus preserving the mandibular lower cortical bone, could optimize stress distribution.Materials and methodsSix identical atrophic mandible models were created featuring 8 mm of height at the symphysis. Two study factors were evaluated: implant length and angulation. Implant length was represented either by short implants (7 mm) with preservation of the mandibular lower cortical bone or standard implants (9 mm) with a bicortical approach and 3 possible implant positioning configurations: 4 distally-inclined implants at 45° (experimental model), all-on-four, 4 vertical implants. All tridimensional (3D) models were analyzed using the Finite Element Method (FEM) and the Ansys Workbench software.ResultsThe maximum stress on the bone at the cervical region of the implants in the experimental model was 132 MPa and transcortical involvement with implant inclination yielded higher values (171 MPa). Regarding von Mises stress on the retaining screw of the prosthesis, 61 MPa was recorded for the experimental model while upright implants had the highest values (223 MPa). At the acrylic base, 4 MPa was recorded for the experimental model whereas models with upright implants showed the highest stress values (11 MPa).ConclusionRehabilitation of severely resorbed mandibles with 4 short implants placed distally at 45°, without lower transcortical involvement, were biomechanically more favorable, generating lower stress peaks, than the models with short implants on an all-on-four, or on an upright configuration, with or without lower transcortical involvement.