Technological Evaluation of Municipal Solid Waste Management System in Indonesia

As developing countries, Indonesia had their municipal solid waste (MSW) production increase due to population growth and its production reached 190,000 metric ton/day in 2014. Selection of appropriate technology is necessary to reduce the waste volume primarily and to utilize waste as the energy source because of the calorific value inside. Three thermal based technologies are available for waste to energy (WtE) which are incineration, conventional air gasification, and plasma gasification. Their feasibility was evaluated environmentally and economically. None of them was environmentally feasible due to greater CO2 emission than the CO2 emission standard of Environmental Protection Agency (EPA). However, two of which, conventional air gasification and plasma gasification, were economically feasible.