Review articleRole of immune cells in obesity induced low grade inflammation and insulin resistance

- Obesity cause of metabolic disturbances, due to changes in circulating cytokines.
- Pro-inflammatory cytokines lead to the metabolic issues e.g. insulin insensitivity.
- This review focuses the link between metabolism, immunity and insulin resistance.

The frequency of obesity is enormously growing worldwide. Obesity results when energy intake exceeds, energy expenditure. Excess adiposity is a major risk factor in the progress of various metabolic disorders accounting insulin resistance, hypertension, Type 2 diabetes, nonalcoholic fatty liver disease, polycystic ovarian disease and several types of cancers. Obesity is characterized by pro-inflammatory condition in which hypertrophied adipose tissue along with immune cells contribute to increase the level of pro-inflammatory cytokines. Immune cells are the key players in inducing low grade chronic inflammation in obesity and are main factor responsible for pathogenesis of insulin resistance resulting Type 2 diabetes. The current review is aimed to investigate the mechanism of pro-inflammatory responses and insulin resistance involving immune cells and their products in obesity.