Radial Hemimelia in a Domestic Rabbit (Oryctolagus cuniculus)

A 1-month-old, intact female domestic rabbit was presented with a history of acute right hind limb lameness due to a traumatic injury. Physical examination revealed right elbow luxation, varus deviation, and a reduction in antebrachial length. Radiographic imaging of the affected limb revealed lateral right elbow luxation, radial agenesis, right first digit agenesis, and malformation of the right carpal bones and sternum. The patient's diagnosis based on the presenting clinical signs and radiographic evaluation was determined to be right preaxial longitudinal intercalary radial hemimelia, partial adactyly, and multiple bone malformations. Hemimelia is the most common congenital limb malformation in domestic animals. Clinical signs can be variable, ranging from subclinical to severe locomotion problems. Although it has not been reported in pet rabbits, hemimelia should be considered in the young of this species that present with lameness. Early diagnosis is essential to avoid muscle atrophy and worsening of bone deformities, which may adversely affect quality of life of the patient.