Cytokine levels in colostrum and in foals' serum pre- and post-suckling

- Cytokines were measured in colostrum and in foals' serum pre- and post-suckling.
- IL-4 concentration is significantly higher in post-suckle samples than at birth.
- IL-8 and IFN-γ is present in foal's serum since birth and in colostrum.
- IL-4 concentration in colostrum is correlated to foals' post-suckle serum.
- Data suggest the absorption of IL-4 from colostrum in foals.

The purpose of this study is to investigate the presence of IL-4, IL-8, IL-13 and IFN-γ in equine colostrum and in foals' serum. Samples were obtained from 14 mares and their healthy foals. Soon after parturition, 10 ml of colostrum was collected, filtered, centrifuged and frozen until assayed. Blood samples were obtained from each foal at birth (TO) and again after 24 h (T24), after which they were frozen until assayed.Serum IgG was measured at 24 h of age with an immunoturbidimetric quantitative method. Cytokine concentration was determined using commercially available ELISA tests. Statistical analyses revealed a significant difference in serum concentration of IL-4 at T0 and at T24 (p < 0.05) and a significant correlation between the serum IL-4 at T24 and colostral IL-4. These results suggest the absorption of IL-4 from colostrum. The presence of IL-8 in the pre-suckle foal's serum may be due to an endogenous production. With the exception of two samples, there was no IL-13 detected in the foals' serum at birth and remained undetectable in 8/14 samples after 24 h. This cytokine was also undetectable in four colostrum samples, where its concentration showed a wide range and a high standard deviation. IFN-γ was present in both the colostrum and in the foals serum at birth.