Hepatoprotective effect of hesperidin in hepatocellular carcinoma: Involvement of Wnt signaling pathways

- Both canonical and non-canonical pathways of Wnt were activated in thioacetamide-induced hepatocellular carcinoma in rats.
- Hesperidin has a hepatoprotective effect through its antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities.
- Hesperidin has an antitumor activity through combating Wnt signaling pathways.

AimsWnt3a and Wnt5a are ligands orchestrating the canonical and non-canonical pathways, respectively, with involvement in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Hesperidin (HP) is a natural product found in citrus fruits and reputed for its antitumor activity. The present study aims to investigate the potential hepatoprotective effect of HP against thioacetamide (TAA)-induced HCC focusing on its potential role on Wnt3a and Wnt5a signaling pathways.Main methodsForty rats were equally divided into groups; normal control, HP control (receiving HP, 150 mg/kg/day), HCC (receiving TAA, 200 mg/kg twice weekly for 14 weeks) and HP-HCC (receiving HP and TAA). Gene expressions of Wnt3a, Wnt5a, β-catenin and Cyclin D1 were assessed by qPCR, while their protein levels, along with active caspase-3 level, were quantified by ELISA and immunohistochemistry. Liver functions, oxidative stress parameters and myeloperoxidase activity were measured. MTT assay of hepG2 cells treated with recombinant Wnt3a (10 ng/ml) in presence or absence of HP (100 μM) was performed.Key findingsHCC group exhibited a significant increase in Wnt3a, β-catenin, Cyclin D1 and Wnt5a gene expressions, as well as, their protein levels. HP significantly prevented TAA-activated Wnt3a/β-catenin and Wnt5a pathways. Moreover, HP exerted hepatoprotective effect by significantly improving the oxidative imbalance, inflammation and liver function parameters, serum ALT, AST activities, and albumin level.SignificanceOur study is the first to report the possible role of Wnt3a/β-catenin and Wnt5a pathways in TAA-induced early HCC model in rats. HP has a prophylactic effect against hepatocarcinogenesis via preventing the induction of both canonical and non-canonical Wnt pathways.