Short communicationSerum cytokine and chemokine profiles in patients with juvenile muscular atrophy of distal upper extremity (Hirayama disease)

•Cytokine and chemokine profiles were analyzed in Hirayama disease.•Eotaxin, RANTES and MCP-1 serum levels were increasing in Hirayama disease.•Underlying allergic condition could be the possible cause in Hirayama disease.

Juvenile muscular atrophy of the distal upper extremity (Hirayama disease) is characterized by adolescent-onset muscular weakness of the distal upper limb. Several studies showed the contribution of atopic disposition and hyperIgEaemia to the disease process, but it has not been well clarified. To identify cytokine and chemokine profiles in Hirayama disease, serum samples were analyzed using multiplex magnetic bead-based assay. Eotaxin, MCP-1 and RANTES levels were significantly higher in Hirayama disease (N = 11) than in normal controls (N = 12). These chemokines are associated with inflammatory cell recruitment. Allergic inflammation may involve in the pathogenesis of Hirayama disease.

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