Polyacrylamide Hydrogel as a Bulking Agent for the Endoscopic Treatment of Vesicoureteral Reflux: Long-Term Results and Safety

The success rate of polyacrylamide hydrogel for endoscopic treatment of vesicoureteral reflux is comparable to published results of dextranomer hyaluronic acid. The long-term safety data and potential lower cost of polyacrylamide hydrogel provide further support for the use of this nonparticulate bulking agent to treat reflux.