Defining instances and limbs during performance of the standing turn

- Novel definitions of the standing turn have been proposed.
- Standardised definitions will aid reporting and interpretation of research.
- The proposed definitions of the standing turn apply to various turning strategies.
- The proposed definitions of the standing turn can be applied to pathology.

Conventions have been reported to describe walking and turning gait. No such descriptions appear for the 180° standing turn and as such there are inconsistencies in the literature reporting on this movement. The complexity of explaining the standing turning motion, variation in number of steps when turning, and differing strategies used means conventions will make research reporting easier to comprehend and less likely for errors in interpretation. We propose definitions of the 180° standing turning motion and steps used to complete a turn for able-bodied and pathological populations to encourage consistency in reporting. It is recommended that the definitions be applied in future research on standing turns.