ReviewCombined use of intravenous and topical versus intravenous tranexamic acid in primary total joint arthroplasty: A meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials

- This is the first meta-analysis to study the combined use of intravenous and topical tranexamic acid in primary total joint arthroplasty.
- Only RCTs were included in this study.
- Combined use of intravenous and topical tranexamic acid is safe and more effective in primary total joint arthroplasty.

ObjectiveTo compare the safety and efficacy of combined use of intravenous and topical tranexamic acid with that of intravenous tranexamic acid in primary total joint arthroplasty.MethodsLiterature was searched in PubMed, Cochrane Library, Embase, Medline, and China National Knowledge Infrastructure databases. Only randomized controlled trials were included in our study. Data were using fixed-effects or random-effects models with standard mean differences and risk ratios for continuous and dichotomous variables, respectively.ResultsSeven randomized controlled trials encompassing 683 patients were retrieved for this meta-analysis. Outcomes showed that when compared with intravenous tranexamic acid, combined use of intravenous and topical tranexamic acid could significantly reduce total blood loss by a mean of 138.70 mL [95% confidence interval (CI): −196.14 to −81.26, p < 0.001], transfusion rates (risk ratio 0.42, 95% CI: 0.2 to 0.85, p < 0.001). No significant difference in the occurrence of deep vein thrombosis, pulmonary embolism was found between the two groups.ConclusionsThis meta-analysis indicated that comparing with only intravenous tranexamic acid, combined use of intravenous and topical tranexamic acid can significantly reduce blood loss and transfusion rate in primary total joint arthroplasty without increasing the risk of thrombotic complications. Therefore, we suggest that tranexamic acid should be intravenously combined with topically administered in primary total joint arthroplasty.