کد مقاله کد نشریه سال انتشار مقاله انگلیسی نسخه تمام متن
5747613 1618922 2017 10 صفحه PDF دانلود رایگان
عنوان انگلیسی مقاله ISI
Effects of diuron and carbofuran and their mixtures on the microalgae Raphidocelis subcapitata
موضوعات مرتبط
علوم زیستی و بیوفناوری علوم محیط زیست شیمی زیست محیطی
پیش نمایش صفحه اول مقاله
Effects of diuron and carbofuran and their mixtures on the microalgae Raphidocelis subcapitata
چکیده انگلیسی


- Diuron and carbofuran caused physiological and morphological changes in cells of R. subcapitata.
- The toxicity of active ingredients and their commercial formulations was similar.
- Mixtures toxicity evidenced synergistic interactions between diuron and carbofuran.
- Mixture of these pesticides may pose a greater ecological risk for phytoplankton.

In aquatic environments, organisms are often exposed to mixtures of several pesticides. In this study, the effects of carbofuran and diuron and their mixtures on the microalgae Raphidocelis subcapitata were investigated. For this purpose, toxicity tests were performed with the single compounds (active ingredients and commercial formulations) and their combinations (only active ingredients). According to the results, the toxicity of active ingredients and their commercial formulations to R. subcapitata was similar. In the single exposures, both carbofuran and diuron inhibited significantly the R. subcapitata growth and caused physiological (chlorophyll a content) and morphological (complexity and cell size) changes in cells, as captured by flow cytometry single-cell properties. Regarding the mixture toxicity tests, data fitted to both reference models, concentration addition (CA) and independent action (IA), and evidenced significant deviations. After the CA fitting, dose-ratio dependent deviation had the best fit to the data, demonstrating synergism caused mainly by diuron and antagonism caused mainly by carbofuran. After fitting the IA model, a synergistic deviation represented the best fit for the diuron and carbofuran mixtures. In general, the two reference models indicated the occurrence of synergism in the mixtures of these compounds, especially when diuron was the dominant chemical in the combinations. The increased toxicity caused by the mixture of these pesticides could pose a greater environmental risk for phytoplankton. Thus, exposure to diuron and carbofuran mixtures must also be considered in risk assessments, since the combination of these compounds may result in more severe effects on algae population growth than single exposures.

ناشر
Database: Elsevier - ScienceDirect (ساینس دایرکت)
Journal: Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety - Volume 142, August 2017, Pages 312-321
نویسندگان
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