A comparative study of the sexual morphs and the life cycles of the palaearctic species of Glyphina Koch, 1865 (Hemiptera: Aphididae: Thelaxinae)

Glyphina is a small aphid genus with three palaearctic and two nearctic species associated with Betulaceae, the sexual morphs and life cycles of which are little known. Detailed descriptions and illustrations are provided of the oviparous females and males of the three palaearctic species: Glyphina betulae (Linnaeus, 1758), Glyphina jacutensis Mordvilko, 1931 and Glyphina pseudoschrankiana Blackman, 1989. G. pseudoschrankiana has been for the first time recorded from Katowice, Poland. Keys for their identification are provided, and additional data about biology, life cycle and the damage caused by these insects are presented.