کد مقاله | کد نشریه | سال انتشار | مقاله انگلیسی | نسخه تمام متن |
---|---|---|---|---|
6203368 | 1603187 | 2015 | 13 صفحه PDF | دانلود رایگان |
- A model that incorporates an object's preferred viewing location (PVL) is proposed.
- This object-based model predicts fixated locations in an independent data set.
- In natural scenes, the object model is at par with the best early salience model.
- When objects and features are dissociated, objects predict fixations better.
- Fixation selection, and thus attention guidance, in natural scenes is object based.
Whether overt attention in natural scenes is guided by object content or by low-level stimulus features has become a matter of intense debate. Experimental evidence seemed to indicate that once object locations in a scene are known, salience models provide little extra explanatory power. This approach has recently been criticized for using inadequate models of early salience; and indeed, state-of-the-art salience models outperform trivial object-based models that assume a uniform distribution of fixations on objects. Here we propose to use object-based models that take a preferred viewing location (PVL) close to the centre of objects into account. In experiment 1, we demonstrate that, when including this comparably subtle modification, object-based models again are at par with state-of-the-art salience models in predicting fixations in natural scenes. One possible interpretation of these results is that objects rather than early salience dominate attentional guidance. In this view, early-salience models predict fixations through the correlation of their features with object locations. To test this hypothesis directly, in two additional experiments we reduced low-level salience in image areas of high object content. For these modified stimuli, the object-based model predicted fixations significantly better than early salience. This finding held in an object-naming task (experiment 2) and a free-viewing task (experiment 3). These results provide further evidence for object-based fixation selection - and by inference object-based attentional guidance - in natural scenes.
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Journal: Vision Research - Volume 107, February 2015, Pages 36-48