Application note: Labelling, a methodology to develop reliable algorithm in PLF

- The PLF approach can be easily applied to different management aspects.
- Sounds and images are the most widely used PLF monitoring strategies.
- Labelling is a manual audio-visual analysis of the data collected at farm level.
- Accurate labelling procedure is based on Gold Standards.
- Labelling is crucial to develop and validate reliable algorithm core of PLF tools.

Automatic animal monitoring through Precision Livestock Farming (PLF) tools is a method to support farmers in achieving farm sustainability. The development of PLF systems requires close interdisciplinary collaboration between sector experts, farmers, animal scientists and bio-engineers. Labelling is a key activity in the development of reliable algorithm to be included in PLF tools. It is a set of procedures that animal experts must embark to precisely define and interpret detailed variations in measured field signals. This application note will describe the fundamental aspects of sound and image labelling and how this has enabled the engineering of useful automated PLF systems.