Hexagonal ring fractal antenna with dumb bell shaped defected ground structure for multiband wireless applications

A compact hexagonal nested loop antenna with hexagon dumb bell shaped defected ground structure is proposed for quad band wireless application. Effects of fractal iterations and position of dumbbell defect on ground plane are optimized for wideband characteristics and better performance of the antenna. An equivalent circuit of the proposed antenna and defected ground structure (DGS) is modelled and the same is verified using ADS. Reflection coefficient and radiation properties further confirm the performance of the proposed design for wireless applications. The proposed design is fabricated on FR4 substrate with an overall dimension of 40 × 32 × 1.6 mm3. Simulated results are validated by proper measurement and are in good agreement with experimental results.