Nanofluid turbulent convective flow in a circular duct with helical turbulators considering CuO nanoparticles

Nanofluid heat transfer augmentation in a heat exchanger equipped with helical twisted tape turbulator is simulated numerically via Finite volume method. Impacts of width ratio, Reynolds number and pitch ratio on nanofluid hydrothermal behavior were illustrated. Related formulas for Nusselt number and Darcy factor are provided according to obtained results. Outputs show that thermal boundary layer thickness decreases with augment of width ratio due to stronger secondary flow. Better nanofluid mixing can be obtained for lower values of pitch ratio.