Social health insurance without corporate actors: Changes in self-regulation in Germany, Poland and Turkey

► Article shows how health insurance is regulated when corporate actors are absent by comparing Germany, Poland, and Turkey. ► Germany: more state regulation in healthcare finance and remuneration, corporate actors key in defining benefits package. ► Poland and Turkey: reforms uphold strong regulatory and budgetary state powers and small role of corporate actors. ► Lack of self-regulation may hinder systems' capacity to stabilize costs and ensure fair access to quality healthcare.