Conceptos inmunológicos básicos aplicados a la vacunología

Although vaccination efficacy has traditionally been measured based on antibody production, other correlates of immune protection or biomarkers are currently being investigated. The generation of a specific response by different cell types needed for defence against microorganisms is crucial for predicting the efficacy of a vaccine. It is therefore necessary to understand the immune response and the vaccines' mechanisms of action in order to develop new effective vaccines. This review addresses the evolution of immunology and vaccinology. It then examines the innate and acquired immune responses, and lastly discusses innovating elements and challenges facing the development of new vaccines.