Fatty acid profile of four Ganoderma species collected from various host trees with chemometric approach

Ganoderma species have been used in traditional medicine, particularly for cancer therapy. To evaluate the similarities and the differences between four Ganoderma species, fatty acid constituents of five Ganoderma lucidum, seven G. adspersum, one G. applanatum and one G. resinaceum collected from different trees and localities were studied using GC-MS. The fatty acids were obtained by three different techniques; namely, maceration, soxhlet and ultrasonic extractions. The Principal Component Analysis (PCA) and Hierarchical Cluster Analysis (HCA) for selected fifteen fatty acids of 14 samples of 4 Ganoderma species were performed using Minitab statistical software 16.2.1 to classify the samples. Linoleic acid (ranged from 9.80 to 3467 μg/g), oleic acid (16.9-3356 μg/g), palmitic acid (15.5-1272 μg/g), tricosanoic acid (1.11-406 μg/g), tetracosanoic acid (1.11-408 μg/g), lauric acid (2.17-314 μg/g) and stearic acid (1.11-286 μg/g) were the major fatty acids determined in all samples. The host tree and the extraction technique were discriminated the Ganoderma species from each other.