Application of event sequence diagram to evaluate emergency response actions during fire-induced domino effects

• Emergency response risk assessment approach based on ESD (Event Sequence Diagram) is proposed.
• Adequacy of emergency response actions can be compared based on domino risk assessment.

Emergency response actions can significantly influence the propagation of domino effects, particularly those triggered by fires. Thus, the performance and efficiency of devised emergency response actions should be carefully evaluated and taken into account when analyzing the propagation of domino effects and their risk. In the present study, we have introduced a methodology based on Event Sequence Diagram (ESD) to evaluate and prioritize different emergency response actions based on their efficiency in preventing or delaying the propagation of domino effect. Using the developed methodology, the risk of domino effects under emergency response actions can be assessed, while considering factors such as sequence, duration, correctness, and mutual interaction of the emergency response actions. We demonstrated the application of the methodology in analyzing the effect of emergency response actions on fire-induced domino effects in a fuel storage plant; the comparison of the results with previous studies illustrates the efficacy and practicality of the developed methodology.