D-chiro-inositol enriched Fagopyrum tataricum (L.) Gaench extract alleviates mitochondrial malfunction and inhibits ER stress/JNK associated inflammation in the endothelium

The proposed working pathway for the suppressive effect of TBBE on inflammation in the endothelium. TBBE inhibited mitochondrial dysfunction and ER stress by combating oxidative stress, leading to the inhibition of JNK activation by down-regulation of its phosphorylation. Therefore, TBBE protected endothelial function by the prevention of inflammatory responses and the suppression of apoptosis.214