Does working memory load facilitate target detection?

• A change detection paradigm with target detection task in the retention interval
• Facilitated target detection following a larger memory array, mainly up to 400 ms
• Facilitation was also found in the auditory modality and when no memory was required.
• Results are interpreted as increased phasic alertness exerted by the simultaneous visual display.
• The study sheds light on attentional processes in this common working memory paradigm.

Previous studies demonstrated that increasing working memory (WM) load delays performance of a concurrent task, by distracting attention and thus interfering with encoding and maintenance processes. The present study used a version of the change detection task with a target detection requirement during the retention interval. In contrast to the above prediction, target detection was faster following a larger set-size, specifically when presented shortly after the memory array (up to 400 ms). The effect of set-size on target detection was also evident when no memory retention was required. The set-size effect was also found using different modalities. Moreover, it was only observed when the memory array was presented simultaneously, but not sequentially. These results were explained by increased phasic alertness exerted by the larger visual display. The present study offers new evidence of ongoing attentional processes in the commonly-used change detection paradigm.