Public–public partnerships in the Finnish water services sector

Public–public partnerships (PUPs) are emerging in the water and sewerage sector as an alternative to improve the performance of water and sewerage undertakings. While most of the research on PUPs has concentrated on development and international partnerships, examples can also be found in developed countries. This article presents two relatively recent cases of PUPs in Finland, one of which is already in operation and the other in transition from planning to implementation. The good experiences from the two cases add to the evidence that PUPs indeed offer a viable solution for cooperation in the water services sector.