Intraoperative splanchnic hypoperfusion, increased intestinal permeability, down-regulation of monocyte class II major histocompatibility complex expression, exaggerated acute phase response, and sepsis

Intraoperative splanchnic hypoperfusion is associated significantly with down-regulation of monocyte function, increased intestinal permeability, and an exaggerated acute phase response. This suggests that splanchnic hypoperfusion alters local and systemic immune function, supporting the thesis that the gut has a central role in the immunoinflammatory response to major surgery.