Predicting fluid responsiveness in patients undergoing cardiac surgery: functional haemodynamic parameters including the Respiratory Systolic Variation Test and static preload indicatorsâ€

Functional haemodynamic parameters are superior to static indicators of cardiac preload in predicting the response to fluid administration. The RSVT and PPV were the most accurate predictors of fluid responsiveness, although only the RSVT is independent of the settings of mechanical ventilation.