Exploration of genetic factors determining cleft side in a pair of monozygotic twins with mirror-image cleft lip and palate using whole-genome sequencing and comparison of craniofacial morphology

It is indicated that environmental factors might be a critical factor that influences the determination of difference of cleft side in orofacial clefts. In addition, we found some differences in craniofacial morphology between MZ-A and MZ-B. Our findings suggest that various environmental factors, such as epigenetics, might be a critical factor that influences the determination of difference of cleft side in CLP rather than inherited genetic factors.