Characterization and hydration of cements and pastes obtained from raw mix containing Moroccan oil shale and coal waste as a raw material

According to the hydration studies, the four hydration steps were observed in all cements. The conduction calorimetry study showed the formation of the calcium monosulfoaluminate phase (AFm) in all cements which in cement containing coal waste was retarded by 50 h due to the high Na2O concentration in its clinker. Further, the identified hydration products: C-S-H gel, portlandite and Afm phase, which detected by XRD, FTIR and ATD/TG have been observed morphologically in SEM images. Moreover, the EDX microstructural study revealed that C-S-H gel contains a less amount of Aluminum and sulfur.