Effects of injection strategy and coolant temperature on hydrocarbon and particulate emissions from a gasoline direct injection engine with high pressure injection up to 50 MPa

Experimental results showed that the increase in injection pressure significantly reduced the particulate emissions, especially for the wall wetting condition (BTDC 330°). The PN emissions from the wall wetting condition was reduced by about 90% by increasing injection pressure from 10 MPa to 50 MPa. Furthermore, increasing the coolant temperature was an effective way to reduce the PN, soot, and THC. In particular, the THC was reduced by about 30%, while the change in injection pressure and injection timing varied by only 10%.