Risk management in posterior spinal endoscopic surgery in lumbar diseases

Complications were divided into perioperative and postoperative complications. Due to operator inexperience, complications such as intraoperative dural tear, wrong disc level surgery, and contralateral symptoms due to lack of nerve decompression were more common during the first 5 years. In contrast, no improvement was seen in the frequency of epidural hematoma in the late phase. This report indicates that during endoscopic spinal surgery, some safety issues and surgical complications are independent of surgeon experience, and may include radicular anomaly, postoperative hematoma, and mechanical damage of instruments.